How we work with evidence.
Research has public value when readers can understand the reasoning, sources, limitations and responsibilities behind its conclusions.
Independent analysis does not require the absence of judgment. It requires clarity about the evidence, methods and reasoning behind that judgment.
Evidence and interpretation
Material factual claims are supported by traceable evidence. Observations, interpretations and judgments should not be conflated.
Independence
Research conclusions follow the evidence and the argument. Relevant relationships and potential conflicts should be disclosed.
Transparency
Publications identify authorship, publication dates, relevant methods, cited sources and substantive revisions.
Corrections and updates
Corrections address errors. Updates reflect changed circumstances or new evidence. Material changes should be visible and intelligible.
Uncertainty
The scope and limits of available evidence should be explained. Scenarios and judgments should not be presented as established facts.
Methods and assistance
Methodological information is shared to support evaluation of published claims while respecting legitimate proprietary processes. Material AI assistance should be disclosed under a consistent policy.